From the field / Defence & Security
Defence & Security Operating Model Design Capability Transfer 18+ months

Building the team
that builds the model.

A defence organisation. No written target operating model — only conflicting oral versions. A Big 4 prime exited when costs spiralled. An internal team with no process design experience. What happened over the next 18 months.

Sector
Defence & Security
Org size
1,000–5,000
Duration
18 months+
Outcome
TOM owned internally. Prime exited.
The situation

A TOM that existed in everyone's head. Differently.

The organisation had been running a target operating model programme for over a year. A major consulting firm had led it. The costs had escalated significantly. The board made the decision to bring it in-house and exit the prime relationship.

When we arrived, the first question was simple: show us the TOM.

There wasn't one. Not a written, agreed version. What existed were multiple oral versions — different people in different rooms describing different futures, each of them broadly consistent with their own team's interests, none of them reconciled with each other. The prime had produced documentation, but it had never been tested against operational reality and had never achieved buy-in below director level.

The second problem was the internal team. The organisation had identified a group of people who would own the TOM work going forward. Committed, capable people — but completely new to process design and discovery. They had not run a stakeholder interview. They had not mapped an end-to-end process. They had never built a corridor map. The methodology that would be needed to complete this work was entirely unfamiliar to them.

"The prime had been doing the work to the organisation. We needed to do it with the organisation — in a way that left them able to continue without us."

There was also an atmosphere to navigate. The previous prime relationship had left some residue — a combination of fatigue with external consultants and, in some parts of the organisation, genuine scepticism about whether any version of the TOM would actually land. People had seen this before. They were waiting to see if this time was different.

What we did

Two jobs. Simultaneously. For 18 months.

The engagement ran on two parallel tracks from day one. The first was delivering the TOM — discovery, design, change management, governance. The second was building the internal team's capability to do all of it themselves.

This sounds straightforward. In practice it is one of the most demanding ways to run an engagement. Every activity has two purposes: producing the output and teaching the methodology behind it. Every session is simultaneously a working meeting and a training exercise. Every deliverable is produced by the internal team, with our guidance, rather than by us alone.

Phase 1
Rapid discovery
Weeks 1–6

We ran discovery across the organisation — interviewing stakeholders at every level, mapping the informal influence network, testing each oral version of the TOM against operational reality. The internal team attended every interview. Not as note-takers. As participants being coached in real time on what to ask, what to listen for, and what the answers meant. By week four they were running interviews themselves, with light supervision.

Phase 2
TOM design
Months 2–8

Process mapping. Organisational design. Governance framework. Performance and data architecture. Each layer designed with the internal team leading the sessions, us providing the methodology and the challenge. Processes were mapped by following actual transactions end-to-end — with the people who did the work, not from documentation. The internal team built the skills to facilitate these sessions themselves over the first four months.

Phase 3
Change & engagement
Throughout

The corridor map built in discovery shaped the entire engagement strategy. We ran the manager enablement programme, the resistance diagnostic sessions, and the stakeholder engagement — with the internal team observing and then co-facilitating. By month ten, the internal team were running their own change sessions independently. We were reviewing, not delivering.

Phase 4
Handover & exit
Months 14–18+

The final phase was deliberately structured to reduce our involvement progressively. The internal team led every session. We attended as advisers rather than leads. The methodology documentation — adapted to their specific context — was written by the internal team, not by us. By the time the engagement closed, our presence was genuinely optional. That was the test.

"The measure of success was not the TOM document. It was whether the team could run the next design sprint without picking up the phone."

What made it difficult

The honest version.

The capability transfer slowed the TOM work down. There is no way around that. Teaching someone to run a process mapping session takes longer than running it yourself. Reviewing their interview notes and coaching them on what they missed takes longer than conducting the interviews directly. For the first six months, we were operating at perhaps 60% of the speed we could have achieved working alone.

That trade-off was the right one. But it required managing the client's expectations actively. A programme that is simultaneously delivering a TOM and building a team is a different proposition from a programme that is simply delivering a TOM. The timeline, the resource model and the governance all need to reflect that from the start.

The prime relationship residue was real. Some parts of the organisation had concluded, reasonably, that TOM programmes produced documentation and not change. The early discovery sessions involved a lot of listening to scepticism that was entirely earned. The response was not to argue. It was to demonstrate — in the first three months — that this programme would do things differently. That meant involving the sceptics in the design, not briefing them on it. It meant publishing findings that were uncomfortable. It meant being visibly honest about what the previous work had not achieved and why.

The internal team also went through a confidence curve that was steeper than expected. In months one to three, they frequently deferred to us in sessions — even when they had the answer. Building confidence alongside capability required deliberate effort: structured feedback after every session, visible public acknowledgement of what they were doing well, and — at a specific point in month five — declining to answer a question in a client meeting that they were capable of answering themselves.

"There was a moment in month five where the lead asked me a question in front of the client. I told him I thought he knew the answer. He did. That was a turning point."

The outcome

A TOM. A team. No prime.

TOM
Written. Agreed. Owned.

A single written TOM, agreed across the organisation, owned by the internal team. Not a consultant document — a working reference the organisation uses.

Internal capability
Methodology embedded.

The internal team can run discovery, process design, corridor mapping and change management without external support. The CN approach — their approach now.

Prime relationship
Fully exited.

The organisation no longer requires an external firm for this work. The capability is in-house, the methodology is documented, and the team has done it.

The test we set ourselves at the start: could the internal team run the next design sprint without calling us? They did not call. That was the finish line.

The broader lesson from this engagement shaped the way CN thinks about capability transfer as a distinct delivery model. Not every organisation needs or wants to build internal capability — some want an expert team to do the work and leave. But for the organisations that do want to own this work themselves, the delivery model has to be designed for that from day one. You cannot retrofit capability transfer onto a conventional consulting engagement and expect the team to absorb it.

The two-track model — delivering and teaching simultaneously — is harder and slower in the short term. The organisations that choose it get something most consulting engagements do not leave behind: a team that can do what you did, without you, indefinitely.

That is what "we leave you stronger than we found you" means in practice.

What this tells you about CN

If you want an external firm to do the work and leave, CN can do that.

If you want an external firm to do the work while building the capability of your team to own it themselves — so that when we leave, you are genuinely stronger — that is a different engagement model. One CN is specifically designed for.

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